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speech sound produced without obstructing (or with minimal obstruction) the air from the lungs (opposed to consonants)
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speech sound produced with complete or partial blockage of the flow of air from the lungs (opposed to vowels)
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* absence of obstruction, the air goes freely * muscular tension is spread evenly * the air stream is very weak
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* presence of obstruction * muscular tension is concentrated in the place of obstruction * the air stream is strong
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the rise and fall of voice while speaking, it does not only convey the massage, but also speaker's emotions, feelings and attitude towards the hearer
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sentence stress, speech melody, rhythm, pauses, tempo
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According to what categories we describe consonants? začať sa učiť
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* place of articulation * manner of articulation * force of articulation * voicing * type of obstruction * position of soft palate *
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Factors of stressing words in sentences? (= SYLLABLE) začať sa učiť
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length, pitch, loudness, quality modification
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the study of how sounds are organised (patterns, rules) and used in natural languages, how they combine and influence each other
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deals with the production of sounds by humans, often without the prior knowledge of language being spoken; focuses on phusical manifestation of speech sounds, their production and perception
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stress, rhythm, tempo, pauses, melody, pitch
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teh degree of emphasis given a sound or a syllable in speech
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delas with vowels and consonants (segments)
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suprasegmental (prosodic) phonetics začať sa učiť
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deals with processes occuring at the same time with the articulation of segments (tempo, melody, pitch, stress, pauses, rhythm)
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is the smallest prosodic unit within which prosodic features are manifasted:)
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adopting the articulation of a vowel to a consonant (or the other way round)
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sounds become identical or similar to a neighbouring sound, can occur within word or between words
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complete omission of sound within a word or a phrase producing a result that is easier for speaker to pronounce e.g. /hɪm/--> /ɪm/, /ˈfæmɪli/ --> /ˈfæmli/
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neighbouring phonemes slide together so they seem to happen simultaneously e.g. whaT You want -- t + j = tʃ; woulD You -- d + j = dʒ; in caSe You need -- s + j = ʃ; haS Your letter -- s + j = ʒ
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the smallest unit of speech distinguishing the words (or word's elements) from each other e.g. P in TAP, seperates it from TAG, TAN, TAB
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different realisations of the same phoneme, usually determined by its position in the word e.g.(different) T in hit, tip, little
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open, closed, covered, uncovered
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occurs at the end of words (call, trial) and before consonants (milk, hold)
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occurs before a vowel (lap, lord) or before the glide /j/ (billiard, scallion)
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semantic, grammatical, rhytmical
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