reading & writing: fill in the blanks 550 - 750

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biomass
Wood is a common form of biomass.
or recently living organisms
začať sa učiť
organic matter derived from living
disdain
začať sa učiť
a feeling of contempt or scorn for somebody or something regarded as unworthy or inferior
She looked at him with disdain.
apes
začať sa učiť
a large primate that lacks a tail chimpanzees and orangutans
constitutional
začať sa učiť
in accordance with or authorized by the constitution of a state or society
The law was deemed constitutional.
alpine
začať sa učiť
relating to or found in high mountains
Alpine flowers bloom in the summer.
gloppy
začať sa učiť
thick and sticky
The gloppy mud stuck to his boots.
womb
začať sa učiť
the uterus of a woman or other female mammal during pregnancy
The baby developed in the womb.
remedy
začať sa učiť
a medicine or treatment for a disease or injury
There is no known remedy for the common cold.
utility
začať sa učiť
the state of being useful
The utility of the tool was evident.
tenet
začať sa učiť
a principle or belief
One tenet of their belief is nonviolence.
crew
The aircraft crew prepared for takeoff.
especially on a ship or aircraft
začať sa učiť
a group of people who work together
aesthetic
začať sa učiť
concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty
The building has an aesthetic appeal.
deficit
začať sa učiť
the amount by which something
The company had a budget deficit.
skeptics
začať sa učiť
a person who questions or doubts accepted opinions
Skeptics doubted the new theory.
lofted
začať sa učiť
to kick
He lofted the ball over the fence.
alchemists
začať sa učiť
a person who practiced alchemy
phosphorus was discovered by German alchemist Hennig Brand in 1669
repels
začať sa učiť
drive or force back (an attack or attacker)
The spray repels mosquitoes.
cull
začať sa učiť
select from a large quantity; obtain from a variety of sources
They culled information from various sources.
eking
začať sa učiť
manage to make a living with difficulty
They were eking out a living.
catalyze
začať sa učiť
cause or accelerate (a reaction) by acting as a catalyst
The enzyme catalyzes the reaction.
dispatched
začať sa učiť
send off to a destination or for a purpose
The police were dispatched to the scene.
naked
začať sa učiť
without clothes or covering
The child ran naked through the garden.
cosmic
začať sa učiť
relating to the universe or cosmos
The cosmic event was spectacular.
calves
začať sa učiť
the fleshy part of the back of the leg below the knee
He strained his calves during the run.
carbon
začať sa učiť
the chemical element of atomic number 6
Carbon is essential for life.
fade
začať sa učiť
gradually grow faint and disappear
The colors began to fade.
conversely
začať sa učiť
introducing a statement or idea which reverses one previously given or referred to
anthropology
začať sa učiť
the study of human societies and cultures and their development
Anthropology explores human origins.
source
person
začať sa učiť
a place
The river's source is in the mountains.
or thing from which something comes or can be obtained
impact
začať sa učiť
the action of one object coming forcibly into contact with another
The asteroid impact caused a crater.
consumption
začať sa učiť
the using up of a resource
Energy consumption has increased.
curb
začať sa učiť
restrain or check
They tried to curb spending.
canine
začať sa učiť
relating to or resembling a dog or dogs
The canine teeth are sharp.
ecological
začať sa učiť
relating to or concerned with the relation of living organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings
Ecological balance is crucial.
quantum
začať sa učiť
a discrete quantity of energy proportional in magnitude to the frequency of the radiation it represents
Quantum physics is complex.
affect
začať sa učiť
have an effect on; make a difference to
The weather affected the crops.
persist
začať sa učiť
continue firmly or obstinately in an opinion or a course of action in spite of difficulty or opposition
The rain persisted all day.
peer
začať sa učiť
a person of the same age or having the same social status as oneself
He was pressured by his peers.
derived
začať sa učiť
obtain something from (a specified source)
The word is derived from Latin.
comparable
začať sa učiť
able to be likened to another; similar
The two cars are comparable in size.
aquatic
začať sa učiť
relating to water
Aquatic plants grow in water.
breadth
začať sa učiť
the distance or measurement from side to side; width
The breadth of the river was impressive.
degradation
začať sa učiť
the condition or process of degrading or being degraded
Environmental degradation is a serious issue.
incidence
crime
rate
začať sa učiť
the occurrence
or something else undesirable
or frequency of a disease
hybrid
začať sa učiť
something of mixed origin or composition
The car is a hybrid.
obscure
začať sa učiť
not discovered or known about; uncertain
The origins of the tradition are obscure.
coincidence
začať sa učiť
a remarkable concurrence of events or circumstances without apparent causal connection
It was a strange coincidence.
chemical
začať sa učiť
relating to or resulting from chemistry
Chemical reactions produce heat.
decrease
or degree
amount
začať sa učiť
make or become smaller or fewer in size
intensity
demise
začať sa učiť
death or the end of something
The demise of the company was sudden.
demographic
začať sa učiť
relating to the structure of populations
Demographic changes impact society.
beverage
začať sa učiť
a drink other than water
They offered a variety of beverages.
concentrate
začať sa učiť
focus all one's attention or efforts on a particular object or activity
Concentrate on your studies.
construct
or machine)
typically a building
začať sa učiť
build or erect (something
road
boundary
začať sa učiť
a line that marks the limits of an area; a dividing line
The river forms the boundary.
curriculum
začať sa učiť
the subjects comprising a course of study in a school or college
The school has a broad curriculum.
bolster
začať sa učiť
support or strengthen; prop up
They bolstered their defenses.
equip
začať sa učiť
supply with the necessary items for a particular purpose
The soldiers were equipped with rifles.
campaign
začať sa učiť
an organized course of action to achieve a goal
The election campaign was intense.
levy
začať sa učiť
impose (a tax
They levied a tax on imports.
expect
začať sa učiť
regard (something) as likely to happen
They expect rain.
sight
začať sa učiť
the ability to see
Her sight was poor.
collide
začať sa učiť
hit with force when moving
The cars collided at the intersection.
consists
assert that something is the case
začať sa učiť
be composed or made up of
typically without providing evidence or proof
The team consists of five players. claimed
substitute
začať sa učiť
a person or thing taking the place of another
Use a substitute for sugar.
burial
začať sa učiť
the act or ceremony of burying a dead person or thing
The burial took place in the cemetery.
equator
začať sa učiť
an imaginary line drawn around the earth equally distant from both poles
The equator is at 0 degrees latitude.
whilst
začať sa učiť
while
He read whilst she wrote.
conventions
začať sa učiť
a way in which something is usually done; a custom
They followed social conventions.
elaborate
začať sa učiť
involving many carefully arranged parts or details; detailed and complicated in design and planning
They made elaborate preparations.
govern
začať sa učiť
conduct the policy
he was incapable of governing the country
literate
začať sa učiť
able to read and write
She is literate in several languages.
disarray
začať sa učiť
a state of disorganization or untidiness
The room was in disarray.
emulate
začať sa učiť
match or surpass (a person or achievement)
They tried to emulate their hero.
escaped
začať sa učiť
break free from confinement or control
The prisoner escaped.
prone
začať sa učiť
likely to or liable to suffer from
He is prone to accidents.
expert
začať sa učiť
a person who has a comprehensive and authoritative knowledge of or skill in a particular area
She is an expert in her field.
counterfeit
začať sa učiť
made in exact imitation of something valuable or important with the intention to deceive or defraud
They sold counterfeit money.
dozen
začať sa učiť
a group or set of twelve
He bought a dozen eggs.
timber
začať sa učiť
wood prepared for use as building material
They used timber to build the house.
erupted
začať sa učiť
or be violently ejected from a volcano or other vent
Mount Pinatubo began erupting in June
abandon
začať sa učiť
cease to support or look after (someone); desert
They abandoned the project.
fecundity
začať sa učiť
the ability to produce an abundance of offspring or new growth; fertility
The soil's fecundity led to a good harvest.
census
začať sa učiť
an official count or survey of a population
They conducted a census of the population.
translucent
začať sa učiť
allowing light
The glass was translucent.
abide
začať sa učiť
accept or act in accordance with (a rule
They must abide by the rules.
schisms
začať sa učiť
a split or division between strongly opposed sections or parties
The church suffered from schisms.
diligence
začať sa učiť
careful and persistent work or effort
He showed diligence in his studies.
oases
začať sa učiť
a fertile spot in a desert where water is found
They found oases in the desert.
denigrated
začať sa učiť
criticize unfairly; disparage
His work was denigrated by critics.
truancy
začať sa učiť
the action of staying away from school without good reason; absenteeism
Truancy is a problem in some schools.
entomophagous
začať sa učiť
insect-eating
Entomophagous birds eat insects.
complicated
začať sa učiť
consisting of many interconnecting parts or elements; intricate
The instructions were complicated.
concept
začať sa učiť
an abstract idea; a general notion
They discussed the concept of justice.
deaf
začať sa učiť
lacking the power of hearing
She is deaf in one ear.
swung
začať sa učiť
move or be moved to and fro
The door swung open.
descendants
začať sa učiť
a person, plant, or animal that is descended from a particular ancestor.
Shakespeare's last direct descendant
boost
začať sa učiť
help or encourage (something) to increase or improve
They tried to boost morale.
botany
začať sa učiť
the scientific study of plants
transition
začať sa učiť
the process or a period of changing from one state or condition to another
The transition to adulthood is challenging.
culture
and achievements of a particular nation
arts
začať sa učiť
the customs
people
social institutions
exploration
začať sa učiť
the action of traveling in or through an unfamiliar area in order to learn about it
They went on an exploration of the jungle.
territory
začať sa učiť
an area of land under the jurisdiction of a ruler or state
They defended their territory.
entirely
začať sa učiť
wholly; completely
The project was entirely successful.
challenge
začať sa učiť
a call to someone to engage in a contest or fight
They accepted the challenge.
domestic
začať sa učiť
relating to the running of a home or to family relations
They had domestic chores.
accommodate
začať sa učiť
provide lodging or sufficient space for
The hotel can accommodate many guests.
diversity
začať sa učiť
the state of being diverse; variety
The city has a great diversity of cultures.
confusion
začať sa učiť
lack of clarity or order; confusion
There was confusion after the accident.
fear
likely to cause pain
začať sa učiť
an unpleasant emotion caused by the belief that someone or something is dangerous
They felt fear in the dark.
or a threat
neural
začať sa učiť
relating to nerves or the nervous system
They studied neural pathways.
control
začať sa učiť
the power to influence or direct people's behavior or the course of events
They had control over the situation.
constantly
začať sa učiť
continuously over a period of time; always
They were constantly arguing.
entire
začať sa učiť
with no part left out; whole
They ate the entire cake.
advancement
status
začať sa učiť
the process of promoting or progressing in rank
They sought advancement in their careers.
or importance
desired
začať sa učiť
wished for; wanted
They achieved the desired result.
altered
začať sa učiť
changed or modified
The plans were altered.
legumes
začať sa učiť
a leguminous plant (member of the pea family), especially one grown as a crop.
he sows a mixture of grasses and legumes
linguistic
začať sa učiť
relating to language or linguistics
They studied linguistic patterns.
controversial
začať sa učiť
giving rise to public disagreement; disputable
The decision was controversial.
deepen
začať sa učiť
make or become deep or deeper
They tried to deepen their understanding.
careers
začať sa učiť
an occupation undertaken for a significant period of a person's life and with opportunities for progress
They had successful careers.
conquer
začať sa učiť
overcome and take control of (a place or people) by use of military force
They conquered the enemy.
nurture
začať sa učiť
care for and encourage the growth or development of
They tried to nurture the plants.
buried
začať sa učiť
placed or hidden underground
They buried the treasure.
treasure
gems
začať sa učiť
precious metals
They found buried treasure.
or other valuable objects
dough
začať sa učiť
a thick, malleable mixture of flour and liquid, used for baking into bread or pastry.
They kneaded the dough.
taught
začať sa učiť
impart knowledge to or instruct (someone) as to how to do something
They taught the children to read.
characteristics
začať sa učiť
a feature or quality belonging typically to a person
They studied the characteristics of the species.
components
začať sa učiť
a part or element of a larger whole
They assembled the components.
hormone
začať sa učiť
a regulatory substance produced in an organism and transported in tissue fluids such as blood or sap to stimulate specific cells or tissues into action
Hormones affect growth.
obvious
self-evident
začať sa učiť
easily perceived or understood; clear
It was obvious that they were lying.
or apparent
breed
začať sa učiť
mate and then produce offspring
They breed cattle.
substance
začať sa učiť
a particular kind of matter with uniform properties
They analyzed the substance.
relieve
distress
začať sa učiť
cause (pain
They tried to relieve the pain.
or difficulty) to become less severe or serious
elevator
začať sa učiť
a platform or compartment housed in a shaft for raising and lowering people or things to different floors
They took the elevator to the top floor.
worn
začať sa učiť
damaged by continued use or too much use
The shoes were worn out.
gaffes
začať sa učiť
an unintentional act or remark causing embarrassment to its originator; a blunder
They made many gaffes.
toxic
začať sa učiť
poisonous
The substance was toxic.
resist
začať sa učiť
withstand the action or effect of
They tried to resist the change.
eligible
začať sa učiť
qualified or entitled to be chosen
They were eligible for the award.
sailor
The sailor went to sea.
especially one who is not an officer
začať sa učiť
a person who works as a member of the crew of a commercial or naval ship or boat
conclusions
začať sa učiť
the end or finish of an event or process
They came to conclusions.
harnessing
začať sa učiť
control and make use of (natural resources)
They were harnessing solar power.
curve
začať sa učiť
a line or outline that gradually deviates from being straight for some or all of its length
The road had a curve.
amnesty
začať sa učiť
an official pardon for people who have been convicted of political offenses
They granted amnesty to the prisoners.
charity
začať sa učiť
an organization set up to provide help and raise money for those in need
They donated to charity.
couture
začať sa učiť
the design and manufacture of fashionable clothes to a client's specific requirements and measurements
They wore high couture.
commodity
začať sa učiť
a raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and sold
They traded commodities.
communicable
začať sa učiť
able to be transmitted from one person or species to another; contagious
The disease is communicable.
refutes
začať sa učiť
prove (a statement or theory) to be wrong or false; disprove
The evidence refutes the claim.
commission
command
začať sa učiť
an instruction
They received a commission to build the bridge.
or duty given to a person or group of people
briefly
začať sa učiť
for a short time; in a few words
He spoke briefly about the issue.
guardian
začať sa učiť
a person who protects or defends something
The guardian protected the treasure.
noxious
začať sa učiť
harmful, poisonous, or very unpleasant.
The fumes were noxious.
continent
začať sa učiť
any of the world's main continuous expanses of land (Africa
Asia
famine
začať sa učiť
extreme scarcity of food
The famine caused widespread suffering.
endurance
začať sa učiť
the capacity of something to last or to withstand wear and tear
They tested the endurance of the material.
exponential
začať sa učiť
becoming more and more rapid
The population grew at an exponential rate.
capsaicin
začať sa učiť
the active component of chili peppers
Capsaicin causes the burning sensation in peppers.
duped
začať sa učiť
deceive; trick
They were duped into buying fake goods.
caveat
začať sa učiť
a warning or proviso of specific stipulations
They gave a caveat about the risks.
voyage
začať sa učiť
a long journey involving travel by sea or in space
They embarked on a voyage.
ridge
začať sa učiť
a long narrow hilltop, mountain range, or watershed.
a long narrow hilltop, mountain range, or watershed.
indie
začať sa učiť
independently produced or distributed
They listened to indie music.
debut
začať sa učiť
a person's first appearance or performance in a particular capacity or role
She made her debut on Broadway.
conservative
začať sa učiť
holding to traditional attitudes and values and cautious about change or innovation
They held conservative views.
sowed
začať sa učiť
plant (seed) by scattering it on or in the earth
They sowed seeds in the garden.
cadet
začať sa učiť
a young trainee in the armed services or police
He was a police cadet.
sentiments
začať sa učiť
a view or opinion that is held or expressed
They expressed their sentiments.
bowed
začať sa učiť
bend one's head or body in respect or submission
They bowed their heads.
concrete
začať sa učiť
existing in a material or physical form; not abstract
They used concrete examples.
complex
začať sa učiť
consisting of many different and connected parts
The issue was complex.
worth
začať sa učiť
the value equivalent to that of someone or something under consideration; the level at which someone or something deserves to be valued or rated
The painting was worth millions.
began
začať sa učiť
perform or undergo the first part of (an action or activity)
They began the project.
decades
začať sa učiť
a period of ten years
They lived there for decades.
contributing
They were contributing to the cause.
especially money) in order to help achieve or provide something
začať sa učiť
give (something
access
začať sa učiť
the means or opportunity to approach or enter a place
They had access to the building.
vibrant
začať sa učiť
full of energy and enthusiasm
The city was vibrant.
consider
začať sa učiť
think carefully about (something)
They considered the options.
explicit
začať sa učiť
stated clearly and in detail
They gave explicit instructions.
strait
začať sa učiť
a narrow passage of water connecting two seas or two other large areas of water
They sailed through the strait.
equivalence
začať sa učiť
the condition of being equal or equivalent in value
They established the equivalence.
culprit
začať sa učiť
a person who is responsible for a crime or other offense
They found the culprit.
civil
začať sa učiť
relating to ordinary citizens and their concerns
They discussed civil rights.
conditions
začať sa učiť
the circumstances affecting the way in which people live or work; a state of affairs that must exist or be brought about before something else is possible or permitted
The working conditions were poor.
contribute
They contribute to charities.
especially money) in order to help achieve or provide something
začať sa učiť
give (something
abuse
začať sa učiť
treat with cruelty or violence
They abused their power.
convey
začať sa učiť
transport or carry to a place.
pipes were laid to convey water to the house
myriad
začať sa učiť
a countless or extremely great number
They faced a myriad of challenges.
harbor
začať sa učiť
a place on the coast where vessels may find shelter
they enjoyed fishing in the harbor
senate
začať sa učiť
the upper house of the United States Congress
The senate debated the bill.
aimed
začať sa učiť
point or direct (a weapon or something else) at a target
They aimed the camera.
depletion
začať sa učiť
reduction in the number or quantity of something
The depletion of resources is a concern.
hierarchy
začať sa učiť
a system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority
They followed the company's hierarchy.
escape
začať sa učiť
break free from confinement or control
They tried to escape.

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