listening and speaking mid term test

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digestion
Vegetables are usually cooked to aid digestion.
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the process of digesting food
nutrition
to study food science and nutrition
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the process by which living things receive the food necessary for them to grow and be healthy
fundamental
There is a fundamental difference between the two points of view.
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serious and very important; affecting the most central and important parts of something
application
a formal (often written) request for something, such as a job,
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for job/ course
adapt
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to change something in order to make it suitable for a new use or situation
ecosystem
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all the plants and living creatures in a particular area considered in relation to their physical environment
soil
poor/dry/acid/sandy/fertile, etc. soil
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the top layer of the earth in which plants, trees, etc. grow
nutrients
a lack of essential nutrients
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a substance that is needed to keep a living thing alive and to help it to grow
habitat
The panda's natural habitat is the bamboo forest.
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the place where a particular type of animal or plant is normally found
exceed
The price will not exceed £100.
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exceed something to be greater than a particular number or amount
surpass
He hopes one day to surpass the world record.
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surpass (somebody/something/yourself) (formal) to do or be better than somebody/something
surface
We'll need a flat surface to play the game on.
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the outside or top layer of something
meagre
a meagre diet of bread and water
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small in quantity and poor in quality
pivotal
a pivotal role in European affairs
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of great importance because other things depend on it
emerged from
She finally emerged from her room at noon. or to survive a difficult situation or experience
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to come out of a dark, confined or hidden place. OR emerge (from something) to survive a difficult situation or experience
Frankly
Frankly, that sounds like a huge benefit
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to be honest
to put it bluntly
kawa na ławe
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speaking in the direct way
migrant
The country has a large seasonal migrant population, who work on the coffee and cotton plantations for part of the year.
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a person who moves from one place to another, especially in order to find work
emigrant
emigrant workers
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a person who leaves their country to live in another
Substantially
The costs have increased substantially.
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very much; a lot
medical treatment
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something that is done to cure an ilness
poverty
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the state of being poor
housing
poor housing conditions
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houses, flats/apartments, etc. that people live in, especially when referring to their type, price or condition
urbanization
a time of rapid urbanization and industrialization
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the process in which towns, streets, factories, etc. are built where there was once countryside
vaccination
vaccination against something vaccination against typhoid
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he act of giving a person or an animal a vaccine in order to protect them against a disease; the fact of having received a vaccine
Sanitation
disease resulting from poor sanitation
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the equipment and systems that keep places clean, especially by removing human waste
germ
Disinfectant kills germs.
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a very small living thing that can cause infection and disease
zarazki
Foster
The club's aim is to foster better relations within the community.
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foster something to encourage something to develop
sustain
When she lost her job they could no longer sustain their expensive lifestyle
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sustain somebody/something to provide enough of what somebody/something needs in order
reciprocity
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a situation in which two people, countries, etc. provide the same help or advantages to each other
sustainability
a company well-known for its commitment to environmental sustainability
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the use of natural products and energy in a way that does not harm the environment
emphasize
She emphasized that their plan would mean sacrifices and hard work.
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to give special importance to something
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