LEXIS 5 I 6

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a rule of thumb
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a general principle or method for calculating something
at face value
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to accept what you are told without thinking carefully first
be a pain in the neck
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be very annoying
be in the public eye
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someone who is in the public eye is seen a lot on television, written about in newspapers etc
face the music
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to be confronted with the unpleasant consequences of one's actions
go hand in hand
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to be closely connected
lose your head
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to lose control and not act in a calm way
turn a blind eye
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to ignore something that you know is wrong
chunky
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thick, solid, and heavy
legendary
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very famous and admired
musty
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having an unpleasant, old, or wet smell
rebellious
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deliberately not obeying people in authority or rules of behaviour
underlying
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the cause, idea etc that is the most important, although it is not easily noticed
unheard of
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something that is unheard of is so unusual that it has not happened or been known before
widespread
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existing or happening in many places or situations, or among many people
wiped out
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extremely tired
come off well (or badly)
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to happen as planned, or to succeed (or not)
come together
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to start working successfully with each other
come under (a heading)
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to be in a particular part of a book or information system
draw up
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to prepare a document
fit in with
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if something fits in with other things, it is similar to them or goes well with them
go against (instincts)
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to oppose or be in disagreement with something or someone
hold up (evidence/argument)
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if information holds up, it is proved to be true
iron out
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to put something into a finished state by solving problems, removing differences, or taking care of details
line up
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if you line up an event or activity, you arrange for it to happen
rush into
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to do something without first thinking carefully about it
show off
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to make it possible for others to see and admire something or someone
step up
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to take action when there is a need or opportunity for it
take on
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to start doing some work or start being responsible for something
wind round
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to wrap something around an object several times or twist it repeatedly around itself
boot
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an enclosed space at the back of a car, used for carrying bags etc
brand loyalty
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the tendency of some consumers to continue buying the same brand of goods rather than competing brands
eccentricity
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strange or unusual behaviour
glitch
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a small fault in a machine or piece of equipment, that stops it working
knock-on effect
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a process in which everything that happens causes something else to happen
lodgings
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a room in someone’s house which you live in and pay rent for
maze
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a complicated and confusing arrangement of streets, roads etc
nerd
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a person who is extremely interested in one subject, especially computers, and knows a lot of facts about it
nonconformity
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the quality of living and thinking in a way that is different from other people
scaffolding
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a set of poles and boards that are built into a structure for workers to stand on when they are working on the outside of a building
scrutiny
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careful and thorough examination of someone or something
soundtrack
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the recorded music from a film
spiral
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a line in the form of a curve that winds around a central point, moving further away from the centre all the time
stack
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a neat pile of things
swish
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a movement through the air with a soft sound
cash in (something)
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to exchange something such as an insurance policy for its value in money
face value
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the value or cost shown on the front of something such as a stamp or coin
go up in value
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to increase in price or worth
in circulation
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if something is in circulation, it is available
inflated (fare)
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inflated prices, amounts etc are high and unreasonable
loose change
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coins that a person is carrying
toss a coin
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to decide something by throwing a coin up in the air and seeing which side is shown after it lands
compromise
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to reach an agreement in which everyone involved accepts less than what they wanted at first
dapple
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to mark something with spots of colour, light, or shade
offload
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to get rid of something that you do not want by giving it or selling it to someone else
redesign
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to change the design of something
bear in mind
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used to tell someone they should not forget a fact or idea
it stands to reason
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used to say that something is clearly true
on the subject of
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used to refer back to something that has just been said and link it to what you are going to say next
peaks and troughs
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a regular series of high and low points
rub shoulders with
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to meet and spend time with people, especially rich and famous people
at a loose end
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to have nothing to do
at a stretch
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only with difficulty or in extreme circumstances
at first glance
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when you first look at something
at sixes and sevens
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disorganised and confused
by all accounts
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according to what a lot of people say
by default
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if something happens by default, it happens only because something else does not happen
by no means
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not at all
in action
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doing a particular job, activity, or sport
in conjunction with
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working, happening, or being used with someone or something else
in my element
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to be in a situation that you enjoy, because you are good at it
in no time
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very soon or very quickly
in turn
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as a result of something
in vain
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without success
at breakneck speed
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carelessly fast and dangerous
beyond recovery
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past a point that something or someone can get better
go out on a limb
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to do something risky or extreme, which puts you in a position of weakness
have a gut feeling
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to have a feeling that you are sure is right, although you cannot give a reason for it
have a mental block
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if you have a mental block about something, you cannot understand it or do it because something in your mind prevents you
in its entirety
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including every part
yours truly
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used humorously to mean yourself
anecdotal
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consisting of short stories based on someone’s personal experience
chronic
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a chronic problem is one that continues for a long time and cannot easily be solved
clear-cut
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certain or definite
continuously
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continuing to happen or exist without stopping
conventional
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a conventional method, product, practice etc has been used for a long time and is considered the usual type
defeatist
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behaving in a way that shows you expect to fail
flawed
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spoiled by having mistakes, weaknesses, or by being damaged
gory
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involving a lot of violence and blood
inaccessible
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difficult or impossible to reach
invaluable
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extremely useful
laughable
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something that is laughable is impossible to believe or be serious about, because it is so silly or bad
nostalgic
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if you feel nostalgic about a time in the past, you feel happy when you remember it, and in some ways you wish that things had not changed
pharmaceutical
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relating to the production of drugs and medicines
provoking
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causing mild anger; annoying
sighted
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someone who is sighted can see, and is not blind
squeamish
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easily shocked or upset, or easily made to feel sick by seeing unpleasant things
stationary
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standing still instead of moving
tactile
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if something is tactile, it has a surface that is pleasant or attractive to touch
undeniable
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definitely true or certain
undignified
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making you look silly and lose people's respect, especially because of not being controlled, serious, or calm
unmanageable
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difficult to control or deal with
curiosity
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the desire to know about something
dependence on
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the fact of needing someone or something in order to exist, be successful, healthy etc
dragonfly
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a brightly-coloured insect with a long thin body and transparent wings which lives near water
drought
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a long period of dry weather when there is not enough water for plants and animals to live
empathy
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the ability to understand other people’s feelings and problems
honeycomb
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a structure made by bees, which consists of many six-sided cells in which honey is stored
hunch
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a feeling you have that something is true or that something will happen, even if you have no information or proof
inflection
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the way the sound of your voice goes up and down when you are speaking
initiative
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an important new plan or process to achieve an aim or solve a problem
inscription
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words that are written or cut in something
proponent
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someone who supports something or persuades people to do something
quest
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a long search for something that is difficult to find
rivalry
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when people or groups try to show that they are better than each other
threshold
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the level at which something starts to happen or have an effect
tile
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a flat square piece of baked clay or other material, used for covering walls, floors etc
wax
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a solid substance made of fat or oil and used to make candles, polish etc
abound
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to exist in very large numbers
backtrack
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to change an opinion or promise that you gave so that it is not as strong as it was earlier
compile
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to make a book, list etc, using different pieces of information
outdo
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to be better or more successful than someone else at doing something
promote understanding
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to raise awareness or strengthen someone's understanding
topple
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to become unsteady and then fall over, or to make something do this
bypass
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to go around something
cater for
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to provide a particular group of people with the things they need or want
decommissioned
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if something (such as equipment) is decommissioned, it is taken out of use
drive the length of
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to travel by car from the beginning to the end of something (e.g. a particular road)
fall into disrepair
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buildings, roads etc that fall into disrepair degrade into an unusable condition because they have not been maintained
go off track
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to leave the planned route
gravel
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small stones, used to make a surface for paths, roads etc
head for
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to go or travel towards a particular place, especially in a deliberate way
make a diversion
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to stray from a planned route
memorabilia
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things that you keep or collect because they are connected with a famous person, event, or time
spring up
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to suddenly appear or start to exist
stretch
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an area of land or water, especially one that is long and narrow
trading post
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a small place, especially in the past, far from other places in which people live, where goods can be bought and sold or exchanged
circumference
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the distance or measurement around the outside of a circle or any round shape
diameter
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a straight line from one side of a circle to the other side, passing through the centre of the circle, or the length of this line
hexagon
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a flat shape with six sides
miniscule
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very small
radius
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the distance from the centre to the edge of a circle, or a line drawn from the centre to the edge
rhombus
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a shape with four equal straight sides, especially one that is not a square
symmetrical
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an object or design that is symmetrical has two halves that are exactly the same shape and size
technological
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related to technology
familiarise (someone) with
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to learn about something so that you know it well
humorous
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funny and enjoyable
misconception
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an idea which is wrong or untrue, but which people believe because they do not understand the subject properly
purport
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to claim to be or do something, even if this is not true
scare someone half to death
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to shock or frighten someone very suddenly and/or severely
gullibility
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the quality of being easily tricked
come across as
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if someone comes across in a particular way, they seem to have particular qualities
come on
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if an illness comes on, you start to be ill with it
come over
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if someone comes over, they visit you at your house
come round (after an operation)
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to become conscious again
come under (a lot of pressure)
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if you come under something, you suddenly experience or suffer it
come up
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if a problem comes up, it suddenly happens
exemplify
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to be a very typical example of something
in all likelihood
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almost certainly
get the impression (that)
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to form an opinion or feeling about someone or something
(there's) no indication (that)
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an indication is a sign, remark, event etc that shows what is happening, what someone is thinking or feeling, or what is true
commemorative (coin)
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done or made to officially remember and give respect to a great person or event
busk
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to play music in a public place in order to earn money
to die for
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used when saying that something is very good
advise against
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to tell someone not to do (something)
understaffing
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understaffing is a situation in which an organisation does not have enough employees to do its work properly
accommodating
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helpful and willing to do what someone else wants
query
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to express doubt about whether something is true or correct
well equipped (with)
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supplied with all the necessary equipment
locality
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a small area of a country, city etc
shrub
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a small bush with several woody stems
gale
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a very strong wind
riverside
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the land along the sides of a river
a matter of urgency
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very important and needing to be dealt with immediately
squeeze out
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to force (someone or something) out of a position, place, etc
short-sighted (approach)
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not considering the possible effects in the future of something that seems good now
noticeable
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easy to notice
debatable
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an idea, fact, or decision that is debatable may be right but it could easily be wrong
justifiable
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actions, reactions, decisions etc that are justifiable are acceptable because they are done for good reasons
edible
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something that is edible can be eaten
profitable
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producing a profit or a useful result
defensible
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a defensible opinion, idea, or action seems reasonable, and you can easily support it
alternatively
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used for suggesting something different
assumption
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something that you think is true although you have no definite proof
beneficial
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helpful or useful
endurance
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the ability to continue doing something difficult or painful
implication
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a possible future effect or result of an action, event, decision etc
removal
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when something is taken away or someone gets rid of it
mistaken belief
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a misconception; misunderstanding
get hooked on
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if you are hooked on something, you like it a lot and want to continue doing it
double-book
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to promise the same seat in a theatre, on a plane etc to more than one person by mistake
intriguing
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something that is intriguing is very interesting because it is strange, mysterious, or unexpected
chore
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a small job that you have to do regularly, especially work that you do to keep a house clean
fade
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to gradually disappear
it’s no skin off somebody’s nose
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used to say that someone does not care or does not have a strong opinion about something
your (own) flesh and blood
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someone who is part of your family
jump down someone’s throat
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to suddenly speak angrily to someone
be all ears
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to be very keen to hear what someone is going to tell you
toe the line
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to do what other people in a job or organisation say you should do, whether you agree with them or not
be an old hand (at something)
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to have a lot of experience of doing something
scratch someone’s back
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to do something that helps someone else but that is often difficult to do and with the expectation of help in return
in an uproar
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with a lot of noise or angry protest about something
on second thoughts
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used to say that you have changed your mind about something
at a standstill
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in a situation in which all movement or activity has stopped
on impulse
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if you do something on impulse, you suddenly decide to do it, without planning it
out of stock
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(of goods) unavailable for immediate sale in a shop
to someone's credit
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used for saying that someone deserves praise
on good terms
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if two people are on good terms, they are friendly with each other
in line with
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according to or following something such as a rule or principle

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