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Gerund after PREPOSITIONS začať sa učiť
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Gerund after CERTAIN VERBS: like, love, hate, enjoy, mind, finish, stop začať sa učiť
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Gerund as the SUBJECT of a sentence začať sa učiť
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TO+INFINITIVE After ADJECTIVES začať sa učiť
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This problem is difficult to solve.
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TO+INFINITIVE After CERTAIN VERBS: would like, want, need, decide, hope, expect, plan, forget, seem, try, promise, offer, refuse, learn, manage. začať sa učiť
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TO+INFINITIVE To express PURPOSE/REASON začať sa učiť
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I'm chasing this guy to earn my bread and butter.
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Stop! I'm tired of running. začať sa učiť
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This is a difficult situation to solve. I enjoy seeing you tired, but I would also like to escape.
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USUALLY: FOR CURRENT HABITS Melissa, a good English teacher, usually makes students repeat sentences correctly. This usually bothers Meritxell, her student, a little. začať sa učiť
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Melissa, a good English teacher, usually makes students repeat sentences correctly. This usually bothers Meritxell, her student, a little.
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USED TO: FOR PAST HABITS OR PAST SITUATIONS THAT HAVE CHANGED Meritxell used to take drugs, but now she doesn't even smoke. začať sa učiť
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subject + USED TO + infinitive Meritxell used to take drugs, but now she doesn't even smoke.
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BE USED TO: FOR A NEW SITUATION THAT YOU ARE ALREADY ACCUSTOMED TO Melissa is used to craving food all the time since she quit smoking. craving a very strong desire for something: a craving for chocolate začať sa učiť
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subject + BE USED TO + gerund or noun Melissa is used to craving food all the time since she quit smoking.
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GET USED TO: FOR SOMETHING THAT IS BECOMING FAMILIAR TO YOU OR TO WHICH YOU ARE ADAPTING. Melissa and Meritxell haven't gotten used to living without addictions. začať sa učiť
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subject + GET USED TO + gerund or noun
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Repeat after me: I used to take drugs. začať sa učiť
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začať sa učiť
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I wish you were here. I wish we were lying in bed together. You can use "were" for I/he/she/it.
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začať sa učiť
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to express regret or in reference to unreal situations.
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Wishes for the PRESENT and FUTURE začať sa učiť
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Use PAST SIMPLE or PAST CONTINUOUS
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začať sa učiť
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to express when you would like a situation to be different.
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He wishes they were lying on the bed. začať sa učiť
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to express when you would like to be doing something different. He wishes they were lying on the bed.
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I wish you would stop laughing at me. Now I wish you hadn't come over. začať sa učiť
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I wish you would stop laughing at me. Now I wish you hadn't come over.
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He wishes she handn't come over. začať sa učiť
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to express regret or when you would like a situation to be different.
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To COMPLAIN or express IMPATIENCE začať sa učiť
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Use WOULD+VERB or COULD+VERB
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začať sa učiť
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He wishes she would stop laughing.
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začať sa učiť
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He wishes he could make her disappear.
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You can use SUBJECT+WISH+PRONOUN in fixed expressions: začať sa učiť
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RATHER at The Museum of Modern Art začať sa učiť
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I would rather shoot myself than wait in line with all these snobs.
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Look and learn! You have to be an alternative artist. začať sa učiť
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Oh Daddy! I would rather just be a waitress.
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začať sa učiť
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He is a sex maniac rather than an art enthusiastic začať sa učiť
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means "instead of" or "and not". Normally used to compare parallel structures.
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začať sa učiť
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means "would prefer to...
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WOULD RATHER ... THAN is used to show preference between options. Elvis would rather be the center of attention than be just like everybody else. začať sa učiť
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SUBJECT+WOULD RATHER+INFINITIVE without to+OPTION 1+THAN+OPTION 2 Elvis would rather be the center of attention than be just like everybody else.
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začať sa učiť
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WOULD RATHER is used to show preference for one option over another. -Hey, Jeff! Let's get out of here! -I'd rather stay here. začať sa učiť
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SUBJECT+WOULD RATHER+INFINITIVE without to+OPTION -Hey, Jeff! Let's get out of here! -I'd rather stay here.
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She is distracted, or rather, she is pretending to be distracted. začať sa učiť
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Used to change what it is just said. She is distracted, or rather, she is pretending to be distracted.
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Marilyn had a rather tender look. začať sa učiť
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is also an adverb of degree. It means "quite". Marilyn had a rather tender look.
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začať sa učiť
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Connectors, also called linking words or linkers, indicate the relationship between ideas.
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The last clue drove Harry to the wood house on top of the montain. Maybe this would be the telltale clue. The weather was very bad and, (?), the car lights začať sa učiť
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The last clue drove Harry to the wood house on top of the montain. Maybe this would be the telltale clue. The weather was very bad and, in addition, the car lights
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the car lights didn't work (?) they had been shout out a couple of hours earlier. začať sa učiť
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the car lights didn't work because they had been shout out a couple of hours earlier.
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(?) all this, Harry managed to get to the place and get out of the car unnoticed. začať sa učiť
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Despite all this, Harry managed to get to the place and get out of the car unnoticed.
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The lights of the house were on (?) Harry carefully crawled through the bushes until he reached the window. začať sa učiť
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The lights of the house were on so Harry carefully crawled through the bushes until he reached the window.
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There he saw Elisabeth crying. (?), a shiver came over his body. začať sa učiť
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There he saw Elisabeth crying. Suddenly, a shiver came over his body.
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začať sa učiť
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Elisabeth was actually laughing (?) looking directly into Harry's eyes začať sa učiť
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Elisabeth was actually laughing and looking directly into Harry's eyes
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začať sa učiť
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začať sa učiť
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začať sa učiť
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for example (e.g.), for instance, such as
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začať sa učiť
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with regard to, regarding, concerning, by the way
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začať sa učiť
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and, also, too, as well as, in addition, apart from, besides, furthermore, moreover, then again
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začať sa učiť
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in short, in brief, in summary, to conclude, in conclusion
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začať sa učiť
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because, because of, for, since, as, due to, owing to
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začať sa učiť
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so, consequently, as a result, therefore, thus, hence
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začať sa učiť
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but, however, although, even though, though, despite, in spite of, nevertheless, nonetheless, while, whereas, unlike, on the other hand, anyway
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začať sa učiť
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firstly, secondly, thirdly, to begin with, next, lastly, finaly
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začať sa učiť
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at the beginning, then, at last, once, afterwards, suddenly, finally, in the end
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začať sa učiť
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obviously, particularly, in theory, in fact, especially
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začať sa učiť
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surely, indeed, undoubtedly, certainly, even so
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začať sa učiť
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A relative clause is a dependent clause that mofifies a word, phrase or idea in the main clause.
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A relative clause begins with a začať sa učiť
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RELATIVE PRONOUN WHO, WHOM, WHOSE, THAT or WHITCH The type of clause determines which relative pronoun to use. (in certain situations, WHAT, WHEN and WHERE can function as relative pronouns)
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There are two types of relative clauses: začať sa učiť
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NON-DEFINING CLAUSES and DEFINING CLAUSES
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začať sa učiť
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The information contained in defining clauses is ESSENTIAL. When deleted, it's nor clear who or what is being talked about. This type of clause is NOT separated by a COMMA.
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In this type of clause the relative pronouns used are: The woman who is pushing a stroller is her heroine začať sa učiť
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For people: WHO, THAT (and WHOM followed by a preposition). For things: WHICH, THAT stroller: a chair on wheels in which a small child can be pushed along SYN buggy British English
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začať sa učiť
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In non-defining clauses the information is NOT ESSENTIAL. When deleted, it's still clear who or what is being talked about. This type of clause is separated by a COMMA from the main clause.
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In this type of clause the relative pronouns used are: Exercise, which is supposed to be good for your health, is killing her. začať sa učiť
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For people: WHO (and WHOM, WHOSE) For things: WHICH (and WHOSE)
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začať sa učiť
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There are two voices in English: the active and the passive
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The dog bit Julianne's leg. začať sa učiť
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describes what the subject does. The dog bit Julianne's leg.
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Julianne's leg was bitten by some dog. začať sa učiť
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describes what is done to the subject. It's usually used when we don't know or are not interested in who performs the action. Julianne's leg was bitten by some dog.
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The passive voice is formed with: začať sa učiť
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It can also be formed by: začať sa učiť
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All the verb tenses can be expressed in passive voice. začať sa učiť
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The concert will be performed next week. The concert has been performed already.
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začať sa učiť
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to show the person or thing doing the action. The painting was made by a monkey.
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I would like him to be eaten too. začať sa učiť
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The pigeons are eating a worm. Worms are eaten every day all over the world.
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začať sa učiť
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I need a friend ASAP. She said she needed a friend ASAP. ASAP the abbreviation of as soon as possible
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There are two ways to repeat what another person said: začať sa učiť
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DIRECT SPEECH and REPORTED SPEECH
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začať sa učiť
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uses exact words in quotation marks. She said "I need a friend".
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začať sa učiť
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She said she needed a friend.
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začať sa učiť
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the past form of direct speech.
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začať sa učiť
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She said she needed a friend.
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začať sa učiť
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She said she was feeling alone.
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I've spent all Sundays watching TV. začať sa učiť
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She said she had spent all Sunday watching TV.
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začať sa učiť
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She said she would go to bed early.
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When direct speech uses a past form, začať sa učiť
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reported speech doesn't change.
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začať sa učiť
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I was looking for a better life. začať sa učiť
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She said she was looking for a better life.
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