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otázka		Odpoveď
Biodiversity začať sa učiť		Diversity of life; the number, variety, and variation of genes, species and ecosystems on Earth.
Organism začať sa učiť		An individual life form
Species začať sa učiť		A group of individuals belonging to the same lowest taxonomic unit, capable of breeding and producing fertile offspring
Ecosystem začať sa učiť		Communities of organisms interacting with their physical and biological environment
Habitat začať sa učiť		A specific location with a particular set of biotic and abiotic conditions; where an organism generally lives
Species diversity začať sa učiť		A measure of the number and abundance of species in a community
Adaptation začať sa učiť		A feature of an organism that enhances its ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment
Abiotic factors začať sa učiť		Non-living physical factors that influence organisms and ecosystems
Biotic factors začať sa učiť		The living components in the environment that influence organisms and ecosystems
Ecosystem Diversity začať sa učiť		A measure of the variety of different habitats, communities and ecological processes within a geographical location
Species richness začať sa učiť		A measure of the numbers of species present and the evenness of species in relation to one another
Species evenness začať sa učiť		The difference in the distribution of the total abundance between the species in a community
Community začať sa učiť		All the species that occupy a particular place at a given time
Percentage cover začať sa učiť		The percentage of a sample area covered by a target species
Percentage frequency začať sa učiť		A measure of how often a species occurs in samples
Quadrat začať sa učiť		A square frame used to isolate a standard unit of area so the distribution of a plant or animal can be studied
Population začať sa učiť		The number of individuals of a species living in a particular place at a particular time
Relative Abundance začať sa učiť		A measure of how common or rare a species is in relation to other species within a community
Simpson's Diversity Index (SDI) začať sa učiť		A measure of diversity that takes into account both species richness and evenness (0 to 1 - closer to 1 means more diverse)
Predator začať sa učiť		An organism that hunts, kills and eats another organism
Prey začať sa učiť		An organism hunted and killed by a predator
Intraspecific competition začať sa učiť		Competition between two or more individuals of the same species for resources
Interspecific competition začať sa učiť		Competition between two or more individuals of different species for resources
Competition začať sa učiť		Rivalry between individuals, of the same or different species, for a limited resource
Symbiosis začať sa učiť		A relationship in which two organisms live in close association over a long period of time
Symbiont začať sa učiť		An organism living in a symbiotic relationship with another organism
Disease začať sa učiť		A condition that negatively affects the function of an individual that isn't caused directly by injury
Population density začať sa učiť		A measure of the number of individuals living in a determined unit of area
Mortality začať sa učiť		The ratio of total deaths to the total population of a species
Tolerance range začať sa učiť		The range of a particular abiotic factor within which an organism can survive
Substrate začať sa učiť		A surface on which an organism can grow
Distribution začať sa učiť		Regions in which a species is found
Abundance začať sa učiť		The number of individuals of a particular species in a specific area at a given time
Evenly spaced distribution začať sa učiť		A type of distribution where individuals are more or less equally spaced throughout an area
Random distribution začať sa učiť		A type of distribution where individuals are spaced randomly in no distinguishable pattern throughout an area
Clumped distribution začať sa učiť		A type of distribution where individuals are found clustered in groups in particular parts of an area
Salinity začať sa učiť		The dissolved salt content of water
Brackish začať sa učiť		Slightly salty water; often found where seawater and freshwater mix
Osmosis začať sa učiť		The movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a semipermeable membrane
Asexual reproduction začať sa učiť		The production of genetically identical offspring from a single parent
Sexual reproduction začať sa učiť		The production of offspring that has genetic material from two parents
Cladistics začať sa učiť		A method of grouping organisms that uses evolutionary lines of descent rather than structural similarities
Clade začať sa učiť		A group of organisms that are believed to comprise a common ancestor and all of its evolutionary descendants
Linnaean classification začať sa učiť		A hierarchical classification system based on physical characteristics
Hierarchical taxa začať sa učiť		Groups of organisms classified into a taxon and arranged in order of rank
Clones začať sa učiť		Offspring that are genetically identical to the parent
r - strategists začať sa učiť		A species that occupy unstable environments and uses the evolutionary strategy of maintaining high growth rates, occupying less-crowded ecological niches and producing many offspring
K - strategists začať sa učiť		A species whose population fluctuates at or near the carrying capacity (K) or the environment in which it resides
Bioinformatics začať sa učiť		Collection and analysis of DNA using computers
Molecular sequencing začať sa učiť		The comparison of genetic information between organisms to determine evolutionary relatedness
Phylogenetic tree začať sa učiť		A diagram that represents evolutionary relatedness between organisms
DNA sequencing začať sa učiť		The process of determining the nucleotide sequence of a DNA molecule
Evolutionary Relatedness začať sa učiť		How closely two species are related by a common ancestor; species sharing more recent common ancestors are more closely related than those with less recent common ancestors
Common ancestor začať sa učiť		The most recent species from which two or more organisms are descended; an ancestor that two species have in common
Cladogram začať sa učiť		A branching diagram showing the evolutionary relatedness of a number of species
DNA sequence začať sa učiť		The order of nucleotide bases that make up a section of DNA
Mutation začať sa učiť		A small permanent change in the DNA sequence of an organism
Genome začať sa učiť		The complete set of genetic information of an organism
Bifurcation začať sa učiť		The division of a species into two species through divergent evolution
Hybrid začať sa učiť		The offspring of parents of different species
Classification začať sa učiť		The arrangement of living organisms or ecosystems into groups sharing similar characteristics
Climate začať sa učiť		Long-term average weather patterns specific to a geographical area
Terrestrial začať sa učiť		Relating to land, as opposed to aquatic (refers to water)
Stratified sampling začať sa učiť		The division of the physical environment into smaller components for sampling
Zonation začať sa učiť		The breaking of the biome into habitat zones
Transect začať sa učiť		A measured length or strip of terrain in an environment along which individual organisms or environmental parameters are measured and recorded
Unbiased data začať sa učiť		Data collected without influence or preference or prejudice of an external source
Error začať sa učiť		The difference between an observed value and a true value results in the inaccuracy of results
Line intercept začať sa učiť		A sampling technique used to estimate relative densities of a species by counting the number of individuals that lie on a straight line cutting through the community
Belt transect začať sa učiť		An elongated area of known length and width through a particular environment in which specific community parameters are measured and recorded
Succession začať sa učiť		The process of the diversity and populations of a community changing over time
Randomised Sampling začať sa učiť		A method of selecting a sample from a total array in such a way that every possible sample that could be selected has an equal chance of being selected
Mitochondria začať sa učiť		An organelle found in most living cells that facilitates energy production known as cellular respiration
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) začať sa učiť		A biological molecule used by living cells for energy
Cellular respiration začať sa učiť		A metabolic reaction occurring in most living cells that release energy for movement, growth and other biological functions
Energy transfer začať sa učiť		The movement of energy from one object or system to another (a chimp pushes another chimp)
Energy transformation začať sa učiť		The change from one form of energy into another (light into chemical energy)
Trophic level začať sa učiť		A hierarchical level in an ecosystem containing organisms that have the same feeding function in the food chain
Autotroph začať sa učiť		Also called a producer; an organism that can produce its own food from inorganic molecules using chemical energy or light energy from the sun
Photosynthesis začať sa učiť		Conversion of light energy into chemical energy by photosynthetic organisms such as phytoplankton or plants
Food chain začať sa učiť		A flowchart showing feeding relationships between organisms
Trophic začať sa učiť		Relating to the consumption of food and nutrients
Consumer začať sa učiť		An organism that cannot produce its own food so needs to eat other organisms to obtain energy
Food web začať sa učiť		A flowchart showing complex feeding relationships between several interlinking food chains
Organic začať sa učiť		Relating to living matter
Inorganic začať sa učiť		Relating to molecules or structures that aren't part of a living organism
Carbon začať sa učiť		An element essential for many structures and processes in living organisms
Nitrogen začať sa učiť		An element required to produce many biological molecules, particularly in plants
Water začať sa učiť		A molecule essential for numerous biological processes in living organisms
Metabolic reaction začať sa učiť		A chemical reaction that helps to maintain the biological function of an organism
Carbon Sink začať sa učiť		A large area of vegetation, water or another naturally forming environment able to absorb and store atmospheric carbon dioxide
Nitrogen Fixation začať sa učiť		Conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to nitrate by bacteria and cyanobacteria
Ecological niche začať sa učiť		The role and position of a species in its environment; interactions of a species with the biotic and abiotic factors of its environment
Fundamental niche začať sa učiť		The range of environmental factors a species can occupy without consideration for population limiting factors
Realised niche začať sa učiť		The part of a fundamental niche a species occupies due to population limiting factors
Competitive exclusion začať sa učiť		The exclusion of a species from a community by another organism better adapted to that particular ecological niche
Keystone species začať sa učiť		A species that has a disproportionately large effect on the community in which it lives
Interspecific relationship začať sa učiť		A relationship or interaction between different species within a community
Carrying capacity začať sa učiť		The number of individuals of a species able to be supported by its habitat
Population limiting factor začať sa učiť		Any biotic/abiotic factor that limits the continued growth of a population of a species
Exponential growth začať sa učiť		Reproductive rate is maintained and the population continues to grow limited by resources
Immigration začať sa učiť		The permanent movement of an individual or population of a species into a community
Emigration začať sa učiť		The permanent movement of an individual or population of a species out of a community
Population change formula začať sa učiť		(Births (B) - deaths (D))+ (Immigration (I) - Emigration (E))
Lincoln Index začať sa učiť		The Lincoln Index allows conservationists to estimate population sizes of individual animal species. Individuals are captured, marked, released back into the population and recaptured.
Primary succession začať sa učiť		Development and change in plant communities over time, eventually leading from bare ground to a climax community
Secondary succession začať sa učiť		Successive, natural changes in plant communities in an area where a previous community has been removed
Pioneer species začať sa učiť		The first species to colonise an area during primary succession
Climax community začať sa učiť		A more or less stable plant community
Pioneer community začať sa učiť		A new community forming on a previously barren landscape, composed of pioneer species
Sere začať sa učiť		An intermediate community observed during ecological succession in an ecosystem advancing towards climax community
Ecological disturbance začať sa učiť		A temporary change in an ecosystem that causes a significant change in the behaviour, growth and survival of organisms
Symbiotic relationship začať sa učiť		An evolved interaction or close living relationship between organisms from different species, usually with benefits to one or both of the individuals involved

Bio unit 3

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