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RULE 1 Use the passive to put the focus on the person or thing affected by the action začať sa učiť
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I've been given quite a few fines over the years.
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RULE 2 a) Use the passive when the person or thing that did the action: a) is obvious. začať sa učiť
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But we're being sent stuff all the time anyway.
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RULE 2 b) Use the passive when the person or thing that did the action: b) is unknown. začať sa učiť
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Not long ago a friend of mine was robbed at a bus stop.
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RULE 2 c) Use the passive when the person or thing that did the action: c) isn't important. začať sa učiť
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I don't want to be sent adverts from companies that I don't know.
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RULE 2 d) Use the passive when the person or thing that did the action: d) isn't the main focus. začať sa učiť
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I think statistically more crimes are solved because of CCTV than not.
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RULE 3 Use the passive to bring the object of the verb to the beginning of the sentence, začať sa učiť
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Money should be spent somewhere else to be honest.
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RULE 4 Use the passive to make certain written texts (e.g. academic) more impersonal or formal. začať sa učiť
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I think statistically more crimes are solved because of CCTV than not.
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Not long ago a friend of mine was robbed at a bus stop. začať sa učiť
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I think statistically more crimes are solved because of CCTV than not. začať sa učiť
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I don't want to be sent adverts from companies that I don't know. začať sa učiť
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But we're being sent stuff all the time anyway. začať sa učiť
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I've been given quite a few fines over the years. začať sa učiť
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Money should be spent somewhere else to be honest. začať sa učiť
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A friend of mine was robbed. začať sa učiť
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začať sa učiť
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I don't want to be sent adverts. začať sa učiť
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We're being sent stuff all the time. začať sa učiť
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Money should be spent somewhere else. začať sa učiť
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A cat's, operated, this, My, being, on, afternoon začať sa učiť
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My cat's being operated on this afternoon.
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be, He'll, later, or, sooner, caught začať sa učiť
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He'll be caught sooner or later.
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badly, in, fire, was, burnt, the, Kim začať sa učiť
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Kim was burnt badly/badly burnt in the fire.
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of, middle, the, in, up, woken, being, mind, don't, They, night, the začať sa učiť
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They don't mind being woken up in the middle of the night.
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is, the, catches, It, that, bird, worm, said, early, the začať sa učiť
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It is said that the early bird catches the worm.
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the, asked, whole, I've, give, been, to, speech, to, school, a začať sa učiť
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I've been asked to give a speech to the whole school
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at, by, She's, be, desk, day, to, her, 9 a.m., expected, every začať sa učiť
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She's expected to be at her desk by 9 a.m. every day.
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monitored, sometimes, emails, supervisor, by, their, are, Employees' začať sa učiť
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Employees' emails are sometimes monitored by their supervisor.
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hurt, you, care, Someone, get, if, could, take, don'y začať sa učiť
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Someone could get hurt if you don't take care.
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crash, nobody, It, has, is, survived, believed, the, that začať sa učiť
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It is believed that nobody has survived the crash.
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Google Street View (use) to help find a kidnapped child in rural Georgia. začať sa učiť
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Google Street View has been used to help find a kidnapped child in rural Georgia.
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Ten-year-old Maria Nadal, from Atlanta, Georgia, (find) safely at a motel on Tuesday. začať sa učiť
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Ten-year-old Maria Nadal, from Atlanta, Georgia, was found safely at a motel on Tuesday.
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She (discovered) by Police Officer Ned Beales and Deputy Fire Chief Louis Thomas. začať sa učiť
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She was discovered by Police Officer Ned Beales and Deputy Fire Chief Louis Thomas
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They (put) the coordinates from Maria's mobile phone into Google Street View and were able to identify one of the buildings as a motel. začať sa učiť
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They put the coordinates from Maria's mobile phone into Google Street View and were able to identify one of the buildings as a motel.
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začať sa učiť
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A woman has been arrested.
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She (believe) to be Maria's grandmother, začať sa učiť
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She's believed to be Maria's grandmother,
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and family friends said that the woman had complained about (separate) from the little girl. začať sa učiť
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and family friends said that the woman had complained about being separated from the little girl.
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Legal experts say she (might, give) a warning and a fine rather than go to prison because she is a family member. začať sa učiť
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Legal experts say she might be given a warning and a fine rather than go to prison because she is a family member.
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Read the text about microchips. Underline the best form, active or passive, so that it a) keeps the focus on the main ideas and b) is correct. začať sa učiť
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Microchips are everywhere...
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... and their uses range from the ordinary to the more worrying. For example, (?) in food packaging. companies can place them/they can be placed začať sa učiť
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... and their uses range from the ordinary to the more worrying. For example, they can be placed in food packaging. This keeps microchips as the main focus
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Then your fridge monitors your food so that (?) when it's time for they can remind you/you can be reminded začať sa učiť
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Then your fridge monitors your food so that you can be reminded when it's time for now the focus shifts to "you" and what "you" do, i.e., it's not focusing primarily on the microchips anymore
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you can be reminded when it's time for (?). you to buy something/a product to be bought. začať sa učiť
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you can be reminded when it's time for you to buy something.
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The medical world has suggested that (?) in newborn babies. Then the person's movements and habits can be tracked throughout their lives. doctors could implant microchips/microchips could be implanted začať sa učiť
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The medical world has suggested that microchips could be implanted in newborn babies. Then the person's movements and habits can be tracked throughout their lives. keep the focus on microchips, the main topic of the whole text
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Scientists could also implant/ Microchips could also be implanted začať sa učiť
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Microchips could also be implanted in criminals keep the focus on microchips
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so that police can (?) track of them, začať sa učiť
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so that police can keep track of them, "police" is the subject or agent of the verb, so it needs an active verb
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and possibly identify the whereabouts of known criminals at the time (?) someone commits a crime/a crime is committed. začať sa učiť
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and possibly identify the whereabouts of known criminals at the time a crime is committed. we don't know who commits the crime
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And if you're a kind of person who loses things easily, (?) you can buy a set of clip-on microchips/a set of clip-on microchips can be bought začať sa učiť
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And if you're a kind of person who loses things easily, you can buy a set of clip-on microchips the new focus is on "you", established at the beginning of this sentence
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which (?) to any object you want to keep track of - for example your handbag. you can attach/can be attached začať sa učiť
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which can be attached to any object you want to keep track of - for example your handbag. both answers are possible, but "can be attached" sounds better since the focus has just shifted to "a set of clip-on microchips"
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If the object gets lost, (?) to find it. you can use your phone/your phone can be used začať sa učiť
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If the object gets lost, your phone can be used to find it. both answers are possible, "you can use your phone" sounds slightly less formal
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